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    Hail & Storm Damage · Low-slope hail

    Evaluating Interply Bitumen in Bituminous Membrane Samples for Hail Impact Distress

    NelsonForensic paper

    A forensic laboratory paper arguing that examining interply bitumen in built-up and modified-bitumen membrane samples reveals hail impact distress that surface inspection and standard delamination testing miss. Relevant to commercial low-slope hail disputes.

    Source: ASCE Forensic Engineering 9th Congress (2022) — Donaldson, DeLeon and Simpson, Nelson Forensics · Professional paper · 2022

    • built-up roofing
    • modified bitumen
    • interply bitumen
    • membrane sample testing
    • hail impact distress
    • delamination
    • commercial roof hail
    • forensic laboratory
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    Correlating Hail-Strike Bruises With Hailstone Size, Roof Pitch, and Storm Direction

    A six-year field study of 729 residential hail-strike inspections by EES Group, correlating bruise counts against hailstone size, roof pitch and the elevation's orientation to the incoming storm. Useful when arguing why one slope shows damage and another does not.

    RCIInterface (RCI, Inc.) — Petty and Kasberg, EES Group, Inc. · 2009

    Forensic paperPDF · 8 pages · 1.5 MB

    RICOWI Hailstorm Investigation Program: Dallas/Fort Worth, May 2011

    Reports the second RICOWI hailstorm investigation, in which seven teams inspected more than 100 roof systems after the May 24, 2011 Dallas/Fort Worth storm to document how different roofing products — including impact-resistant products — performed against substantiated hail sizes.

    RCIInterface (RCI, Inc.), excerpted with permission from RICOWI — Herzog · 2012

    Forensic paperPDF · 4 pages · 891 KB

    Manufactured Hail Damage: Telling Fraud From Storm Damage

    A roof consultant's field guide to spotting deliberately fabricated hail damage — hammer strikes, dime-spinning, mandrel punctures — by what real ice cannot do to mineral granules, and by checking the peripheral surfaces a genuine storm always marks.

    RCIInterface (RCI, Inc.) — Lyle D. Hogan, PE, RRC, FRCI · 2013

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