Live Roofing Desk13 active storm alerts

    The industry

    Hail & Storm Damage · Wind damage

    Discerning Wind-Related Damage to Residential Roofs

    NAFEForensic paper

    A 2025 forensic engineering paper on separating genuine wind damage on residential roofs from installation defects, mechanical damage and age-related deterioration, aimed at making wind assessments repeatable rather than impressionistic.

    Source: Journal of the National Academy of Forensic Engineers — Azzi · Professional paper · 2025

    • wind damage roof
    • shingle uplift
    • creasing
    • wind versus installation defect
    • forensic engineering
    • residential roof failure
    • wind speed
    • damage discernment
    Download PDFOpen in a new tabPDF · 23 pages · 4.0 MB

    This browser does not display PDFs inline. The document is unchanged — download it or open it in a new tab with the buttons above.

    What this document argues

    Azzi, Vutukuru and Matus take on the problem that follows every hurricane season: telling wind damage apart from the wear, manufacturing variation and prior repair that a roof already carried. The paper works through the mechanisms by which wind actually lifts and breaks residential roof coverings, and what each mechanism leaves behind as evidence.

    Why a contractor cares. It is the difference between pointing at a lifted tab and explaining the load path that lifted it. The second survives scrutiny; the first invites a denial for pre-existing condition.

    Why a public adjuster cares. Carriers routinely attribute storm damage to age or installation. Forensic literature describing what wind uplift specifically looks like is the counterweight, and it carries the authority of a peer-reviewed engineering journal rather than a contractor's opinion.

    A summary written by the National Roofing Directory, not an extract. The work itself is Journal of the National Academy of Forensic Engineers — Azzi's and is not reproduced here.

    Provenance · Obtained from publicly circulated copies; no ownership claimed; removal honored on request

    Source restriction · Printed on every page: "Copyright © National Academy of Forensic Engineers (NAFE). Redistribution or resale is illegal."

    Every document here names its publisher. Documents were gathered from public circulation and are posted in good faith with attribution — no ownership is claimed, nothing is sold, and rights holders can have anything removed on request. Read the content notice

    More from Hail & Storm Damage

    On the same shelf

    Forensic paperPDF · 7 pages · 621 KB

    Correlating Hail-Strike Bruises With Hailstone Size, Roof Pitch, and Storm Direction

    A six-year field study of 729 residential hail-strike inspections by EES Group, correlating bruise counts against hailstone size, roof pitch and the elevation's orientation to the incoming storm. Useful when arguing why one slope shows damage and another does not.

    RCIInterface (RCI, Inc.) — Petty and Kasberg, EES Group, Inc. · 2009

    Forensic paperPDF · 8 pages · 1.5 MB

    RICOWI Hailstorm Investigation Program: Dallas/Fort Worth, May 2011

    Reports the second RICOWI hailstorm investigation, in which seven teams inspected more than 100 roof systems after the May 24, 2011 Dallas/Fort Worth storm to document how different roofing products — including impact-resistant products — performed against substantiated hail sizes.

    RCIInterface (RCI, Inc.), excerpted with permission from RICOWI — Herzog · 2012

    Forensic paperPDF · 4 pages · 891 KB

    Manufactured Hail Damage: Telling Fraud From Storm Damage

    A roof consultant's field guide to spotting deliberately fabricated hail damage — hammer strikes, dime-spinning, mandrel punctures — by what real ice cannot do to mineral granules, and by checking the peripheral surfaces a genuine storm always marks.

    RCIInterface (RCI, Inc.) — Lyle D. Hogan, PE, RRC, FRCI · 2013

    Back to the full library